Metals and Non-Metals

In Class 8 Chemistry, we learn about two major groups of elements: Metals and Non-Metals. They are classified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties. Metals are usually shiny and good conductors, while non-metals are dull and poor conductors.

Physical Properties of Metals

• Metals are lustrous (shiny).
• They are malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets).
• They are ductile (can be drawn into wires).
• Good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Generally have high melting and boiling points.

Physical Properties of Non-Metals

• Non-metals are usually dull.
• Brittle in nature when solid.
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• Have comparatively low melting and boiling points.

Chemical Properties

Metals generally lose electrons to form positive ions, whereas non-metals gain or share electrons to form negative ions or covalent bonds.

Example: Sodium (a metal) reacts with chlorine (a non-metal) to form sodium chloride (table salt).

2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl

Examples of Metals

• Iron – used in construction and tools.
• Copper – used in electrical wires.
• Aluminium – used in utensils and foils.
• Gold – used in jewellery.
• Silver – best conductor of electricity.

Examples of Non-Metals

• Oxygen – essential for breathing.
• Carbon – found in all living things.
• Sulphur – used in making fertilizers.
• Phosphorus – used in matchsticks.
• Chlorine – used in water purification.

Uses in Daily Life

• Metals like iron and steel are used in bridges and buildings.
• Aluminium foil is used for food wrapping.
• Non-metals like oxygen are used in respiration.
• Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur are important in agriculture as fertilizers.

Conclusion

Metals and Non-Metals are essential for our daily life and industries. Learning their properties and uses helps us understand how science connects to our everyday world.